The Affordable Care Act - 830 Words

With the huge shift in the U.S. healthcare system, healthcare services are now trending towards value-based outcomes.1 With passage of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), it has become increasingly important to improve quality of care while simultaneously reducing health care costs.2 Pharmaceutical care services are one of the key components that has an essential impact on optimizing therapy outcomes; minimizing cost and enhancing quality of life of chronically ill patients. Community pharmacists are the third largest healthcare provider group in the world after physicians and nurses.3 Despite the fact that many studies have shown that community pharmacists’ provision of direct patient care can lead to improved patient outcomes and reduced health care costs. However, community pharmacists are the only health professionals who are not primarily rewarded for delivering health care and hence are under-utilized as public health professionals.3 Community pharmacists could help to improv e health by reducing drug-related adverse events and promoting better medication adherence, which in turn may help in reducing unnecessary provider visits, hospitalizations, and readmissions while strengthening primary care delivery across the health system. The Center for Medicare Medicaid Services (CMS) is the largest federal health insurer body which provides healthcare services in the US. CMS must ensure that their beneficiaries have access to high-quality care.3 This mission becomes even moreShow MoreRelatedAffordable Healthcare Act And Affordable Care Act1409 Words   |  6 Pageslaw The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, otherwise known as The Affordable Healthcare Act, aka Obamacare. In this paper I am going to explain some of the major parts of the Affordable Healthcare Act and explain where I stand with this law. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was designed to improve the healthcare and health insurance business in the United States of America. Some of the main focuses of Obamacare is to add new gains for health care, more rights, more security,Read MoreObamacare : The Affordable Care Act1507 Words   |  7 Pageshealth care coverage for all; and that is called The Affordable Care Act ( ACA)1 or also known as Obamacare. This program provides standardized medical expenses/procedures to be made and allows everyone -- who is eligible -- to have coverage. However, I think that we need to take in account how Obamacare is negatively impacting the lower class, middle class, and upper class; therefore, we should remove it. This law became effective on March 23, 2010 (Key Features of The Affordable Care Act). ObamacareRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )1668 Words   |  7 PagesOn March 23,2010 the Affordable Care Act (ACA), also known as Obamacare, was signed into law. This act aims to provide affordable health care coverage for all United States citizens. â€Å"The Affordable Care Act affirms the core principle that everybody should have some basic security when it comes to their health care.† (President Obama) It will provide insurance to more than thirty million people who have been previously uninsured, and will be achieved by expanding Medicaid and extending federal subsidiesRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act ( Aca )956 Words   |  4 PagesAbsract++++++++++++++++++++++++++= The Affordable Care Act (ACA) (also known as â€Å"Obamacare†) is an historic piece of legislation that has had massive effect on healthcare in the United States. Its systemic effects on healthcare in this country are numberous, from insurance to ambulatory care, from healthcare related taxes to healthcare resources, and beyond. That said, the following research paper attempts to summarize how this massive piece of legislation has effected healthcare in the UnitedRead MoreThe Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act1710 Words   |  7 PagesThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a highly controversial act of the United States government commonly referred to as ObamaCare. Designed to â€Å"ensure that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care,† (Patient Protection) this bill has received a large amount of opposition for a variety of reasons, but it is also widely supported, therefore garnering it attention from interest groups. Many in terest groups, including religious organizations, attempt to change laws andRead MoreThe For The Affordable Care Act1528 Words   |  7 Pagesfix out of control spending on health care entitlements. But neither side could be specific on how they would make health care more affordable. If health care costs continued to climb at the current rate, benefits for Medicare and Medicaid would exceed tax revenue gathered by 2030. Politicians knew they had to find a way to make Medicare solvent or, it would consume all tax dollars collected, but finding a way to rein in costs and make healthcare affordable for all Americans wasn’t going to be anRead MoreAffordable Care Act1414 Words   |  6 PagesPatient Protection and Affordable Care Act Yolanda Raqueno HCS/455 April 17, 2013 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The goal of this essay is to discuss the health care system in the United States. Another aim of this essay is to discuss the health policy, to improve, and to reduce inequalities. In the United States the private insurance system is a major provider of health care services, health care system is expensive and in many cases not efficient. This essay focusesRead MoreThe And Affordable Care Act1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe most radical reform made in the United States of America in the past 45 years has been the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA was signed into law by President Obama on March 23, 2010 (Key Features of the Affordable Care Act). The purpose of the ACA is to redesign companies within the insurance industry in the United States, mandate everyone in the country to have health insurance, expand public insurances while private insurances subsidize, introduce newer taxes, andRead MoreThe For The Affordable Care Act Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pages With the Affordable Care Act, many changes were made to the healthcare system, and now we are looking at another change in healthcare policies with the upcoming change in presidency. I hope to become a private practicing physician that has an excellent relationship with my patients so that I can provide appropriate care. As a private practicing physician, an increase in governmental policies that increase healthcare coverage will result in increases and decreases in my individually defined doctor-patientRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act878 Words   |  4 PagesAs the implementation of The Affordable Care Act (ACA) nears, news media is featuring a large number of individuals whose health insurance coverage is being cancelled. The current administration claims that their objective is for everyone to have health insurance, but there is a gap between their new legislation and the results. American consumers are falling in the gap between private insurance plans that are too expensive, a nd the poorly developed government system. Despite claims from the Obama

Ongoing Urbanization Is Changing the Shape of Mobility in...

In densely populated areas, we currently see a paradigm shift in personal mobility. For the younger generation, car usership is gradually replacing the need of car ownership. However, for example, when relying on car sharing solutions, users often spontaneously drive cars they are not used to. Results are increased stress and a higher risk of accidents. For that reason, we present a mobile application-based training solution for vehicular user interfaces. The evaluation of the training application has shown that a short training cannot counteract the negative influence of operating comfort car functions while driving. The use of game design elements in the application in- creased the training motivation, but also lowered the information reception. The ongoing urbanization is changing the shape of mobility in tomorrow’s cities. Especially in large and congested cities, the need of owning a car is gradually decreasing with the rise of new intermodal door-to-door mobility solutions. In a recent survey by KPMG 1 , only 46 % of younger consumers ( 25 years) rated that owning a car is extremely or very important for them, opposed to 76 % for 25 to 35 years and 78 % for 35 to 50 years old consumers. For the younger generation, mobility has to fulfil the three key aspects spon- taneity, flexibility, and sustainability [1]. In order to fulfil the demands, modern mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) solutions have to combine public transportation with means of individual transportation. OneShow MoreRelatedStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pages119 120 128 136 139 149 153 159 165 167 169 169 170 174 182 188 192 202 214 215 221 223 223 230 236 241 246 248 250 251 255 261 4 Market and environmental analysis 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 4.10 Learning objectives Introduction: the changing business environment (or the new marketing reality) Analysing the environment The nature of the marketing environment The evolution of environmental analysis The political, economic, social and technological environments Coming to terms with theRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesOF MARKETING MANAGEMENT: The evolution of marketing is composed of a series of responses to major external challenges. Pre industrial marketing, based around craft production and personal relationships with local customers, was challenged by the urbanization and mechanization of the industrial revolution. The industrial era created expanding markets which required an emphasis on production, logistics and selling to get the goods to the customer. In the late 1950s, the challenge of increasingly saturatedRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages optimism in the ‘new’ modernist organization Bell’s stages of societal development Fordism vs. post-fordism The incidence of part-time work in European Union member states Modernism versus postmodernism Affirmative versus sceptical postmodernism The changing condition of knowledge Pay and profits: Long run performance of FTSE 100 companies (2002 prices) Five core points of transformational leadership Ideas and perspectives: alienation and anomie compared Two modes of knowledge production Contrasting

Rebbecca Skloot Henrietta Lacks Free Essays

In Rebecca Skloot’s â€Å"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks,† the ethical issue of the hospital taking Henrietta Lack’s cells seems be a very major deal and plays an important role throughout the entire book. The books starts off telling you of Mrs. Lacks’ life struggles which helps build an emotional appeal to her. We will write a custom essay sample on Rebbecca Skloot Henrietta Lacks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Rebecca Skloot painted a vivid picture of Henrietta’s life to help give the readers a greater of how immoral the doctors were when they took her cells without her permission. Henrietta was a part of a very poor family. The book describes how they didn’t have very much money so they left their home in Roanoke, VA to go to MD for a better job opportunity for her husband, David Lacks, which was also her 1st cousin. The doctors at John Hopkins typically felt like they had the right to take certain things from their patients who were in the public ward since they were a giving away a costly service for free. They felt like they were entitled to some kind of payment so taking cells from unaware patients was a justified trade-off in their eyes. Henrietta had six children, so it safe to say that it was hard just living off of her David’s salary. The book described that several things were wrong with Henrietta, besides the cervical cancer. Henrietta also had syphilis and gonorrhea. Henrietta wasn’t the only person in her household that had medical problems either. Henrietta’s daughter, Elsie, was simple and Henrietta also had a couple of very young children. Her medical problems and her children’s medical needs were very costly, so as it was common for poor folk, they just ignored them. Henrietta’s family were too poor to afford health care and would continue to be to poor enough to afford health care after the doctors began to sell her cells without her permission and well after her death, even up to the point that this book was being written. Henrietta’s cells were her property and no had the right to make a profit of it without her permission. Henrietta’s cells were taken against her will, so they were stolen! Her cells great impacted medical research. They have been used to find cures for cancer and AIDs, to test human’s sensitivity to certain products, gene mapping, and were used to test vaccines for polio. Henrietta’s cells were very instrumental for the production of modern medicine and also very profitable as well. They greatly impacted the lives of people all over the world, but it seems like they almost did nothing for Henrietta and her family. Henrietta’s cells were used to help advance medical research, but still Henrietta’s family still couldn’t afford health care. Her family wasn’t informed that her cells had been taken until almost 20 years after her death in the 70s. Henrietta’s family just struggled through life like they hadn’t changed medical research for ever. Henrietta’s cells were the first â€Å"immortal cells†, yet it was horribly immoral for the scientists and doctors to steal it from her and then use to them to make millions, while her family barely made it by day to day. The HeLa cells, the cells from Henrietta Lacks, were used to grow tons and tons of cells. The cells, though token wrongly, were used to do very positive things. The people in public wards were used wrongly as guinea pigs. The doctors had no right to steal from them and test on them, just because they couldn’t afford health care. They had rights! They were human beings! They deserved the right to be notified and they deserved the right to be asked for their permission of whether or not they wanted to give small parts of their body to be researched on, no matter how miniscule. They belonged to the patients and therefore they had the upmost right to be informed and given some type of payment for their contributions. If I own some land and my neighbor decides he wants to grow some crops on it without my permission, because he felt like I wasn’t using it and he grows one of the most successful batch of wheat or corn. Do I not deserve some of the credit or some of the proceeds? Yes, it was his seeds that he used and his labor and also his tools, but my neighbor also used my land and therefore my neighbor is indeed indebted to me and owes me a portion of what he received. This is the exact same for Henrietta Lacks situation. Their tools were used to grow the HeLa cells, but they still took cells from Henrietta and her family was definitely entitled to gaining something. I completely agree with Rebecca Skloot’s position on this problem and she was definitely depicted this story in a very well delivered way and I believe that she did indeed address this ethical issue and even went into it a little more when she mentioned the Tuskegee experiment with syphilis. All in all, Ms. Skloot did a very excellent making this story very understandable and very attractive. She delivered an amazing story on how the health system betrayed one of their patients and took advantage of her and treated public ward patients immorally wrong. How to cite Rebbecca Skloot Henrietta Lacks, Papers

Film Analysis The Hurt Locker Essay Example For Students

Film Analysis The Hurt Locker Essay When the bomb technician Will James comes to the Bravo Company in Iraq, his teammates don’t know anything about him. They can only start knowing him from what he says and what he does. One teammate Sanborn thinks that James is a person who likes to act alone. Sanborn uses his experience and what he has seen from James to get the perception that James is a ‘redneck trailer trash’. This is an example of â€Å"perception† (the process of attending to, organizing, and interpreting the information that we receive through our senses, page 38). Also, when James first comes to the team, before his first mission, another teammate Owen thinks that James is just a new guy. Owen tries to scare James by saying it’s very dangerous in Iraq. But James replies that he has seen a lot in Afghanistan, which is also a very dangerous place. Owen then realizes that his perception of James is not right. This is an example of â€Å"perception check† (sharing one’s perception of another’s behavior to see if the interpretation is accurate, page 49). Without knowing too much about James, Owen just uses his words to test if James is like what he perceives. James buys DVDs from an Iraqi boy; he likes the boy and plays soccer with him. But the boy later is killed by terrorists. James believes the boy’s boss is a spy. Even another soldier tells him that all the merchants in that area are checked, he still believes what he wants to believe: the boss must be a bad guy. Then he follows the person and tries to find who is responsible. This is an example of â€Å"selective perception† (distortion that arises from paying attention only to what we expect to see or hear and from ignoring what we don’t expect, page 45). James is so sad and his feelings distort his perception, he just sees the DVD man suspicious even that man acts just normally. James and his wife divorced. But his wife didn’t leave him and when James goes back to U. S, they still live together as a happy family. They do shopping together and cooking together. But James is somehow feeling empty at home. He tells his little son that he only has one thing left that he loves, which I think it is his job as the bomb technician. At the beginning of the film, there is a quote from Chris Hedges, ‘war is a drug’. War is a need in James’ life; he is addicted to it just like an addiction to drug. So he gives up his wife and his son and everything else and chooses to go back to Iraq. James’ feeling is an example of â€Å"needs theory† (things people consciously or unconsciously feel they require to sustain them biologically or psychologically, page 39). Area 2 – Relationship James is assigned to the team but he likes to work alone. His behaviors causes a lot troubles for his teammates, and some behaviors even put his teammates in danger. But his teammates have no choice but to accept him as the team member, because James is assigned by the upper level and his teammates can’t control who is sent to their team. This is an example of, â€Å"involuntary relationship,† (a relationship in which we have no choice about the other people with whom we interact, page 163). Although at the beginning, James’ teammates don’t like him, they still gather together in the evening and drink together and chat with each other about their personal lives. .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e , .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .postImageUrl , .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e , .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e:hover , .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e:visited , .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e:active { border:0!important; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e:active , .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea4d6ec3457b6d54742c9d690e29c59e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Rights Analysis EssayThis is an example of â€Å"interpersonal needs theory† (the premise that all of us have inclusion, affection, and control needs that we try to meet through our relationships, although our need for each of these varies in degree from person to person, page 176). The soldiers are also normal people; they have their feelings and affections and they need the regular social connections with each other. In one scene, Owen gets caught by enemies, James and Sanborn risk their lives to rescue him. This is an example of â€Å"commitment† (a dimension of relationships that gauges how dedicated or loyal partner are to each other, page 165). As teammates, they have this commitment to watch each other’s back. In the movie, on their last mission, it is very dangerous. Sanborn and James almost get killed. Although Sanborn looks very strong and tough most of the time, after the mission is over, Sanborn is very scared and he tells James that he is afraid and he doesn’t want to die. Such feeling is very personal and private, but he shares with his teammate. This is an example of â€Å"self-disclosure† (verbally sharing personal, private information, and feelings, page 168). Also, he says that he wants to have a child, and also says ‘I am done’. This is an example of â€Å"turning point† (any event or occurrence that marks a relationship’s transition from one stage to another, page 172). I believe Sanborn will retire from the army and lives a normal life after that. James had a wife and they have a little kid. But he and his wife divorced. Probably James knew his work is too dangerous, and his future is very uncertain. He did this to give his wife another chance to live a normal life. However his wife chose not to leave him. For his wife, their relationship is an example of the, â€Å"voluntary relationship,† (a relationship in which we freely choose the people, with whom we interact, page 163). Area 3 – Verbal Messages In one scene, an officer comes to talk to Owen about his feelings. The officer tries to give some psychological help to Owen. But he doesn’t talk straight about his purpose, he just asks how the soldier feels and if he wants to talk to someone. This is an example of â€Å"indirect verbal style† (message language that masks the speaker’s true intentions and roundabout, vague message content whose real meaning is embedded in the social or cultural context, page 121). The officer doesn’t want to irritate his solder so he uses some subtle way to talk to Owen. But Owen realizes the intention of his officer and he replies very directly by just saying he is fine. His style is an example of â€Å"direct verbal style† (message language that openly states the speaker’s intention and message content that is straightforward and unambiguous, page 121). I think the difference between the officer and the soldier is because their experiences are different: this officer most of the time dealing with some management work, he needs to be more thoughtful; while Owen is a field soldier, he is used to being simple and direct. In many scene of disarming the bombs outside the UN building, while James is focusing on the bombs, his teammates are guarding him. His teammates communicate with each other over the radio to get very detailed information about the surrounding situation. They use very specific words to identify people and locations. This is an example of, â€Å"precise words,† (words that identify a smaller grouping within a larger category, page 111). In a situation like this, communications have to be very detailed. Using precise words can improve the clarity so teammates know exactly what’s happening, it’s about life and death in the battle field. Area 4 – Nonverbal Messages When the soldiers are on mission, sometimes they can’t make any sound, but they still have to communicate with each other, so they use gestures. .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 , .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .postImageUrl , .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 , .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109:hover , .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109:visited , .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109:active { border:0!important; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109:active , .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109 .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u844d2bfaee0dfe7f46082c1fd1600109:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: GRENDEL FRANKENSTEIN AN ANALYSIS OF THE TWO MON EssayIn many scenes in this movie, we can see a lot of examples of such â€Å"nonverbal communication† (all human communication events that transcend spoken or written words, page 131). After James disarms the bombs outside the UN building, an officer asks how many bombs he has disarmed. While hearing that James has disarmed over 800 bombs, this officer raises his eye brows and looks surprised and unbelievable. This is an example of, â€Å"facial expression,† (arranging facial muscles to communicate emotion or provide feedback, page 137). The officer uses his facial expressions to show his applications and also gives praises to James. In another scene, while James is preparing to disarm the bomb, a taxi runs into the restricted area. James draws his gun and stops the taxi, but the taxi driver wouldn’t get out of the car. James and the driver look at each other in the eye for a long time, none of them show any fear. This is an example of, â€Å"eye contact,† (using eye focus to signal attention, respect, emotional reactions, or dominance, page 136). In this scene, both of them want to use the eye contact to defeat the counterpart.

Achivements of the babylonians essays

Achivements of the babylonians essays Now, what remains is a large area of ruins east of the Euphrates River in central Iraq was once the was the great metropolis and cultural core of western unrivaled in prestige for over two thousand years and becoming one of the largest known cities in the world at the time1. Babylonia enduring from 1790 BC to 539 BC has bequeathed the modern world in countless ways. By expanding the work of the Sumerians that preceded it, the Babylonians made numerous achievements used in every-day life such as the 24-hour day, 60-minute hour, the 60-second minute, the 360 degree circle and the 12 month year. The Code of Hammurabi, the earliest law code written is another one of the Babylonians great legacies. As the last ruler of the 3rd Dynasty of Ur was taken captive by the Elamites, a long bitter feud began between the kingdom of Sumer and Akkad. When the two cities started to collapse and lose its integrity as a result of the civil war, the city of Isin began to take advantage of the troubles stirring amongst the two kingdoms in an attempt to take control. However, Isins authority was challenged by the southern city of Larsa, which eventually conquered Isin through the king Rim-Sin in 1790. Even so, Rim-Sins victory was overshadowed and short-lived as ruler Hammurabi from the northern city of Babylon came to fore. With incisive diplomacy and militarily leadership, Hammurabi defeated Rim-Sin, as well as the kings of Elam, Mari, and Eshnunna. The Babylonian empire is said to begin through the leadership of Hammurabi. As king, Hammurabi devoted much of his energy into protecting its people and governing the empire. Throughout his long reign he personally supervised the flow of irrigation, agriculture, tax collection, and the erection of many temples and other buildings. Although, Hammurabi was a successful military leader and administer, he is best-known for promulgating his code of laws, known as the Code ...

10 Celebrities with College Degrees

10 Celebrities with College Degrees While not every successful person has one, a college degree is still a treasured and safe choice for your future. Whether you will work in the field you studied for or not, having a higher education can open a lot of doors for you. It is one of the most common ways of proving dedication, learning abilities and intellectual interests. Even celebrities recognize the value of a certification. In this article, we will look at a list of famous college graduates which will show that, even if you aim for unconventional paths, education can provide safe opportunities for you to be able to follow them. More than that, some of the people on this list still appreciated education so much that they continued it even after having a breakthrough in their careers. Here are 10 famous people with degrees in our new blog post. 1. Natalie Portman Psychology One of the best-known celebrities with college degrees is Natalie Portman. When she was well on her way to becoming a big movie star, she still focused on her studies. In 2003, she graduated with a degree in Psychology from Harvard, declaring that smartness was a more important goal than fame. It wasnt the first time she missed out on public activities due to education either, seeing how she skipped even the premiere of her Star Wars film in order to focus on exams. As a student, she was also involved in various research studies, making her one of the most academically impressive stars today. 2. Emma Watson English Literature In a similar fashion to our first choice, Emma Watson could have very well focused on acting and disregard education. But she didnt. Managing studies and a hectic professional life at the same time, she earned a degree in English Literature from Brown University in 2014. 3. Chris Martin (Coldplay Lead Singer) Greek and Latin When it comes to musicians with college degrees, Chris Martin is a fine example. Graduating the University of London with a degree in Greek and Latin with honors, he wouldve had proper backup plans in case his music career hadnt been successful. 4. Eva Longoria Kinesiology Eva Longoria earned a Bachelor of Science in kinesiology from the Texas AM University-Kingsville. In 2013, she also received her masters in Chicano Studies from California State University, Northridge. 5. James Franco English Another one of the many actors with degrees, James Franco has been outspoken when it comes to his interest in education. Following withdrawal from UCLA when trying to pursue acting, he re-enrolled as an English Major with a focus on Creative Writing in 2006. He later attended Columbia University for their MFA Writing Program. He has taught film classes at New York University, the University of Southern California and UCLA. 6. Arnold Schwarzenegger International Marketing And Business Did Arnold Schwarzenegger go to college? Yes, he did. While you may know him as a body-builder and a movie star, he did give attention to his education, receiving a degree in International Marketing and Business from the Univeristy of Wisconsin-Superior. 7. Will Ferrell Sports Information Not all actors with college degrees studied acting, as weve seen. Will Ferrell received a Bachelors in Sports Broadcasting from the University of Southern California in 1990. 8. Tina Fey Drama Tina Fey has attended the University of Virginia, pursuing creative endeavors such as acting and playwriting, something that has proven to be a valuable experience. In 1992, she earned a Bachelors degree in Drama. 9. Gerard Butler Law Gerard Butler graduated the University of Glasgow with a degree in Law. He even worked as a trainee lawyer, which turned out not to be a good fit for his life ambitions. It wasnt until a few years later, time in which he worked odd jobs and pursued acting, that he had his breakthrough. 10. Hugh Laurie Archaeology and Anthropology An extremely respected actor, both by his native UK and the international audience, it may surprise you to hear that he was studying archaeology and anthropology at the University of Cambridge before venturing into acting. The universitys dramatic club was the place where he met frequent collaborators Stephen Fry and Emma Thompson, launching all their careers. If theres one thing that these famous college graduates show, its that education can provide value for everyone. Its a safe way that will help you pursue your dreams, regardless of whether they are related to the degree followed or not. Making a decent living will always be a better start. And if you ever have struggled with academic papers - contact one of thistop writing websites list.

Traditional Way and Agile Way of Management Essay

Traditional Way and Agile Way of Management - Essay Example Iterative or agile method involves incremental development. The system and the process is gradually built and has an advantage over other methods. For instance, if there is a need to modify the management process or the direction of the system needs to go through sudden abrupt changes; agile management system has a better chance to cater for the change then other methods. One relatively rigid method is ‘waterfall method’.In comparison with the agile project management, the waterfall method uses clearly (or with less flexibility) defined deliverables for the life cycle of the project. The higher management of a company performs a complete audit of the system before it is incorporated into the project management. Agile project management method cuts the processing time considerably. Projects that took months to complete in the past are being accomplished within weeks or days. This project managing method modifies the conventional iteration processes waterfall and makes the m more flexible and advanced.Despite the fact that agile management is rarely used to manage a mega project, it is no less crucial than the conventional of traditional project management methods and tools. A mega project can be divided into several parts and then these small parts can then be governed and managed by agile management. That is why a collage of management methods and tactics are incorporated in one project. The core difference between agile and traditional project management rests in their estimating techniques.

Aviation Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Aviation Law Assignment - Essay Example In the Warsaw Convention chapter, three expounds three types of assertions to which liability confers: The claims based on individual injuries (Article 17), those based on damaged or lost luggage (Article 18) and those based on costs due to delays in the course of transportation (Article 19). Article 17 clearly states conditions that an international air transporter can have liability for damages to passengers. It provides that the transporter is only liable for injury sustained by a bodily harm to a passenger, their hurting, or the incident of death. Another way is if the mishap that caused the harm took place in the airplane or in the sequence of any operations of boarding and disembarking. Under the same Article, an air carrier is solitarily liable for passenger harm when the three circumstances are met: The occurrence of a mishap, in which the traveler succumbs to death, physical harm, or physical expression of the injury and the misfortune must have taken place inside the plane in the occurrence of operation of boarding and landing. Article 18 clearly explains that a transporter will have responsibility for injury sustained from obliteration or damage to any checked properties, if the incidence took place in the course of the transportation by flight. In relation to Article 19, a carrier will have accountability in the event of injury caused by delay in carriage of passengers by flight, and their goods, or baggage. In relation to Article 25, a carrier need not be obliged to avail themselves of the requirements of the Warsaw Convention. That exclude or limit their accountability when it is presented that the carrier has caused the loss suffered by the applicant was triggered by the carrier’s misconduct, as defined in the Law of forum.4 The Warsaw Convention impedes passengers from upholding an action for costs for personal harm under local law once the claim does not gratify the Convention’s conditions for carrier’s obligation for inter national air carriage. In article 29, Warsaw convention it outlines a two-year decree of restrictions. In this article, the right to compensations will be dismissed if no action is done accordingly within the first two years from the arrival date at the destination, or when the aircraft should have arrived, or when the transportation stopped.5 â€Å"The Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage by Air drafted in Montreal known as Montreal Convention amended the Warsaw Convention†.6 In relation to the Montreal Convention, a carrier holds liability for any damage incurred in the occurrence of bereavement or body injury of a passenger with the condition that the accident that caused the harm or demise occurred on the plane or in the course of operations of boarding or debarking. This convention only applies to worldwide carriage of individuals, luggage, or cargo that originates in one of the state’s gathering to the Convention and dismisse s in that of an alternative. The Montreal convention has been labelled as an agreement that is beneficial mainly to passengers than airlines in contrast to the Warsaw Convention. The Montreal Convention offers four conditions that may be used by a court to base its authority. A complainant may take an action in the U.S for compensations in relation to the

Chronic Pancreatitis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Chronic Pancreatitis - Term Paper Example General Description Chronic Pancreatitis (CP) is a heterogeneous, progressive disorder of the pancreas characterized by a spectrum of symptoms pain, inflammation, diabetes mellitus, and pancreatic damage leading to significant loss of both endocrine and exocrine functions of the pancreas (Witt and associates, 2007; DiMagno & Dimagno, 2006). Pathology involves fibrosis in the pancreatic parenchyma that manifests irregularly. Other organs in the vicinity are also affected as consequence of the disease that may commence as an individual or a group of symptoms resulting from functional impairment of pancreas. The major clinical symptom of the disease is recurring or persistent pain within the abdomens. The chief cause of CP in the western world is alcohol abuse leading to alcoholic calcific pancreatitis (ACP). The other form of CP known as tropical calcific pancreatitis (TCP) prevalent in tropical countries is of uncertain etiology (Lee, 2011). Based on the risk factors CP is classified by the TIGAR-O (Toxic-metabolic, Idiopathic, Genetic, Autoimmune, Recurrent and severe acute, Obstructive) classification system (Nair tet al., 2007). Figure 1: Anatomy of the pancreas (http://www.britannica.com/bps/media-view/68636/1/0/0) Pancreas: Normal Physiology Pancreas is a retroperitoneal structure in the upper abdomen that can broadly be divided into head, body, and tail (figure 1). A major portion of pancreatic tissue comprises of acini (80%) that are responsible for the exocrine functions of the pancreas. Groups of aciniform spherical lobules that are interspersed with connective tissue. The central ducts of each lobule in which the secretions of the surrounding acinar cells accumulate, join to extralobular ducts that finally drain into the main pancreatic duct. The main pancreatic duct carrying the secreted digestive enzymes enters the hepatopancreatic ampulla along with bile duct. At the duodenal papilla, the enzymes enter the duodenum (Adda et al., 1984). The endocrine functions of the pancreas are performed by the richly vascularized islets of Langerhans. The islets of Langerhans comprise of beta, alpha and delta cells that secrete hormones insulin, glucagon, somatostatin respectively. The most abundant beta cells (73-75%) are centrally located and are surrounded by alpha cells (18-20%) and delta cells (4-6%). The rich vascularization allows for the transfer of hormones from the islets while the specific arrangement of the alpha, beta and delta cells allows paracrine regulation of hormones. Thus high concentrations of the insulin secreted by the central beta cells inhibit glucagon release from the peripheral alpha cells. The venous blood flow from the islets of Langerhans reaches the hepatic portal vein, rendering the liver the prime target for the impact of pancreatic hormones. The rich innervations of the pancreas ensure the release of several neurotransmitters in the pancreas that regulate the release and concentrations of hormones (Case, 200 6). During normal physiology, in the basal state, the secreted pancreatic fluid is mildly alkaline comprising a few proteins. Gastric distension and acid production during eating stimulate duodenal S cells causing the release of secretin. Under the influence of the secretin, a large quantity of the bicarbonate-rich watery liquid or the hydraulic secretion is released from the ductal cells of the smaller ducts.  

Learning Styles Is Significant To Student Nurses Nursing Essay

Learning Styles Is Significant To Student Nurses Nursing Essay In my own understanding, learning style is defined as how individuals prefer to learn or their steady way of responding and using stimuli in the aims of improving their learning. According to Keefe (1979) learning style is defined as the composition of cognitive, affective and psychological behaviour that serves as an indicator of how an individual perceives, interacts with and responds to the learning environment. There are numerous definitions to the perspective of learning style. Sims and Sims (1995) also stated that learning style helps in providing means for developing systematic understanding of how to absorb, retain and process the content of information. In difference, Moseley, Hall Ecclestone (2004) stated that the diverse experiences of individuals learning can be difficult to measure to how best an individuals learning styles is determined. This learning style has been majorly stated to allow individuals to learn through the experiences thereby helping different people to organise and manage their own learning (Goldfinch Hughes, 2007).Understanding learning styles supports student nurses in comprehending the value of learning and developing the skills needed to practice. It is important for an individual to know their learning style because it helps to build and produce effective team work as well as to strengthen self-confidence. Learning styles have been an aid to reflection as it helps nurses to reflect appropriately on the care of the patients. Without learning styles for nursing students, it can be quite challenging to reflect on a situation as reflection stages involve thinking and learning in order to produce a better outcome. OCarroll Park (2007) also stated that reflection has become a key learning tool for practice based professions such as nursing. This simply means nurses are expected to reflect at all times based on the kind of care that is given and also to reflect on any areas of improvement, and if the right care is given to the right patients to provide a good standard of care. According to Cottrell (2003) learning is a multi-faceted process involving an individuals learning history, the environment and the interaction in between. It is therefore based on the styles that are being used to acquire new knowledge and skills (Lesmes-Anel, Robinson Moody, 2001).Another use of understanding learning styles for student nurses is for strategy how to overcome problematic situations and also to be more competent when qualified. For example if a student nurse have knowledge about their learning style, they will be able to look for the environment that best suit them as an individuals and would be able to work effectively within a team and other interdisciplinary team successfully . Student nurses will also be able to target areas that need improvement by identifying the areas that are more difficult or a weakness so as to set up a strategy to deal with it for a better outcome, to get more out of education career and to be able to deliver good standard of care to patient. To sum up usefulness of knowing learning style to student nurses it makes learning stress-free, more effective and reduces the chance of anxiety. It also saves student nurses undertaking learning on a hit-and-miss basis, becoming an outstanding learner, increases flexibility and helps to learn from a wide variety of different understanding which can be recognized, informal, planned and unplanned. Learning styles will also enable student nurses to improve and develop learning skills. In addition, it increases awareness of how we learn, opens up the whole process to self-scrutiny and improvement. In Honey questionnaire (2006), the author identifies four learning preferences which are Activist, Reflector, Theorist and Pragmatist. My dominant learning style indicated to be a theorist in the formative work. The answer to the questionnaire also shows that my score was also strong for both pragmatist and reflector as a learning preference. While in activist learning style found a low score indicating underdevelopment of my learning style. According to Alghasham (2012) learners predominantly possess different strengths of learning preferences; therefore being dominant in one area does not ultimately imply weakness in the other areas. In the study by Lesmes-Anel, Robinson Moody (2001) found that learners are predominantly reflector-pragmatist compared with trainers as reflector-theorist. Being a theorist according to Honey questionnaire I learn most easily from activities where I have the chance to question and probe practice, I am also stretched by analysing a complex situation by working with people who ask searching for searching similar answers. I adapt and assimilate observations into complex and logically sound theories; I also think problems through stage- by-stage and tend to be perfectionists who like to fit things into a clear structure. The activities that allow a theorist to benefit from the learning process for me as a student nurse are situations where there is a chance to discover the association and the interrelationship between ideas, events and situations. For example, being a theorist allows me to learn best by contributing in class activities which means taking part in good effective communication and it has enabled me to seek for information by asking questions to stimulate others participation and also to understand the coherent and the assumptions of the theories. Conversely, the difficulty here is in the case where there are activities without background information or apparent purpose which will impair my learning and where I feel myself out of tune with other participants, for example when with lots of activist or people of lower intellectual competence. (Honey Mumford, 1986). Evaluating my learning style as an activist has indicated under-developed style in my learning. Having this style will improve my ability to experience new skills by working as an individual. I will have to develop the aspect of my weaker style which is activist to support my learning on the programme and in my career as a nurse by being able to learn from new experiences as learning needs; I will also be prepared to take risk by going outside the comfort zone of what is identified and experiment new and unfamiliar routine and developments. According to Heidari and Galvin (2003) activist learner is an action learning where the learner becomes independent in the learning process thereby contributing to the team. For this to be achieved increasing the independent learning and reduce my day to day routine work which In this case action plan requiring daily tasks will be applied. Honey and Mumford (1986) expressed a pragmatist learner learns best through existing activities that allows the individual to try out. This way learner has the tendency to have the opportunity to practice what they have learnt. In this case, being a pragmatist enable me to take part in activities by effort to follow instructions from lectures, colleagues, authors mentors and nurses on placement who have the theoretical and practical experience to share with. For example, during my first placement I had the opportunities to practice under supervision on how to take out cannulation using the Aseptic Non Touch Techniques (ANTT) to remove cannula and Nasogastric tube in both men and women. This assisted in building myself confidence I needed and also promotes self-regulation of clinical reasoning skills. On the other hand, Honey Mumford (2000) found that it can be difficult for the learner in situations where the learner cannot see significant reward from the activities. In this case, it will be best for me as a student nurse to link theory to practice by asking questions to clarify points being made to develop my understanding. Jasper (2003) expressed reflector as an individual who has the experiences of standing back and looking at a situation from different perspective. Having a high score as a reflector in the questionnaire, shows I will enjoy activities which involve watching, observing and listening to people during group discussion and lecturing session. There also the tendency to think about what has happened or learnt by relating new ideas or information to the past experience and then to examine them (Howatson-Jones, 2010). Learning as a reflector will enables me as a student nurse to be thoughtful and consider all possible areas and implications of obtaining detailed information before making decision (Honey Mumford, 1986). In conclusion learning style is beneficial for student nurses because it allows individuals to reflect on the past, present and future. It has also indicated my dominant learning style and I was able to identify my weaker style which has aided me to provide an action plan that will equip me to learn from a wide variety of experiences for me to be able to deliver good standard of care to patients now and in future. Annotated bibliography Jasper, M. (2003). Beginning reflective practice. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd. This book introduces what reflective practice is all about, importance of reflection, how to reflect both individually and with others, approach of individual learning as well as developing professional practice. It also demonstrates skills necessary for effective practice, benefits of successful reflection to pre-registration and on-going professional development portfolios. The book will also enable student nurses to develop the practical skills necessary to reach the standards for registration as practitioners and make an awareness of individual knowledge, skills and your limitations so as to be competent. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (2006). The learning style questionnaire. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publication. This learning style questionnaire was given in class and the content of the book explain different definition of learning, focuses on learning styles preferences and helps to see how an awareness of our preferences can help to become more effective learner. It also helps identify our preferred styles and enhance our learning efficiency by guiding us towards learning opportunities that will best suit our partialities. The questionnaire also have 40 learning style question to answer and clarify individual preferred ways of learning so that discrete people will be in a better position to select experiences that suits their style. The book is as used to broaden people scope by strengthening underutilised styles and being able to write essay on how to develop an aspect of our weaker style to support individual learning on the programme. Madeline O Carroll Alistair P. (2007). Essential mental health nursing skills: Elsevier publications. This book will help individual to recognize the skills and resources that students already have and show how these can be developed into the essential skills needed for nursing in health practice environment. The book also identifies four essential skills that are essential to nursing practice and these skills are the ability to form therapeutic relationships, observations, taking on different roles and reflection. Part of the book section focuses on the process of care and provides background in which the essential skills is applied and also covers assessment, care delivery, communication, improving physical wellbeing and managing care. Howatson-Jones, L. (2010). Reflective practice in nursing. Exeter: Learning Matters. This book discussed what reflection is, benefit of reflection, it also state a valued accumulation to the transforming nursing practice and emphasis on reflective practice in the NMC standards for pre-registration nursing education. The book provides method for developing logical skills through different way of using personal and professional reflection for learning and developing as a practitioner. The book is an aid to reflect as well as ways to assimilate personal reflective insight and a means of helping to advance nursing knowledge in more diverse ways. Heidari, F. Galvin, K. (2003). Action learning group: Can they help students develop their knowledge and skills? Nurse Education in Practice, 3, 49-55. This article explain what reflection is, acknowledged three stages to promote reflection which one has to go through, it also indicates ways to help student nurses how to reflect that can be used once qualified and when training. The article also talk about the important of reflective practice as learning resources for education is growing and reflecting on their own personal development as well as sharing the improvement. To sum up the article states the aim of action learning groups (ALGs) and evaluates importance, weakness and strength of the book to student nurses. Lesmes-Anel, J., Robinson, G. Moody, S. (2001). Learning preferences and learning styles: a study of Wessex general practice registrars. British Journal of General Practice, 51, 559-564. This British journal of general practice states learning experiences generate during the year in practice and the aim of this journal are to determine for the general practice registrars the nature of their learning preferences, learning styles and relationships between them. The journal also introduces what learning styles is and how honey and Mumford questionnaire establish the learning styles of 63 general practice learners in their year of practice and how experienced trainers react very differently to identical learning experiences during the year in practice. Finally this journal describe activist as having experiences, reflector as reviewing experiences, theorist as concluding from experience and pragmatist as planning the next steps. REFRENCES Alghasham, A. A. (2012). Effect of students learning styles on classroom performance in problem-based learning. Medical teacher, 34 14-19. Coffield, F., Moseley, D., Hall, E. Ecclestone, K. (2004). Learning style and pedagogy in post-16 learning: a systematic and critical review. London: Learning skills research centre. Goldfinch, J. Hughes, M. (2007). Skills, learning stayles and success of first-year undergraduates. London: Sage Publications. Heidari, F. Galvin, K. (2003). Action learning group: Can they help students develop their knowledge and skills? Nurse Education in Practice, 3, 49-55. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (1986) Manual of Learning Styles. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publication. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (2000). The learning style questionnaire. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publication. Honey, P. Mumford, A. (2006). The learning style questionnaire. Maidenhead: Peter Honey Publication. Howatson-Jones, L. (2010). Reflective practice in nursing. Exeter: Learning Matters. Jasper, M. (2003). Beginning reflective practice. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes Ltd. Keefe, J. W. (1979). Learning style: an overview. In J. W. Keefe (eds.). Student learning style: Diagnosing and prescribing programs. Reston: NASSP. OCarroll, M Park, A. (2007). Essential mental health nursing skills: Elsevier publications.

Total Quality Management In Construction Essay -- essays research pape

Total Quality Management In Construction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The major new element in world market competition is quality. During the 1970's and 1980's, the Japanese and their U.S. companies demonstrated that high quality is achievable at lower costs and greater customer satisfaction. It was the result of using the management principles of total quality management (TQM). More and more U.S. companies have demonstrated that such achievements are possible Using TQM as a new way to manage. Such companies also found that they were recognized with everyone pulling in the same direction. Improvement had become a way of live.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Improving competitive position and profit has always been the responsibility of management. Before the 1980's, U.S. management was broadly successful. Until then the dominant management model was that of the autocrat. Management, primly senior management, decided how the business was to operate, including what the policies and objectives were; how it was organized; what jobs were established; and how should they be done. It was an unquestioned axiom that if everyone did what the upper management required, the business would be successful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organizations are composed of the people in them and the managers who lead them. People respond strongly to leadership expectations and rewards. If they are given little power in their jobs, they have little interest in improving them. If leaders exhort the members for better output but reward (promotions, bonuses, recognition) for mostly higher output, they get the behavior they reward. Quantity over quality has been a common management philosophy in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first step in implementing TQM requires the an upper-management change in both philosophy and behavior. Managers must adopt the objectives of customer satisfaction and continuous improvement. They must implement the change to achieve these objectives through their personal and continuous involvement and in the reeducation of everyone in the organization in TQM principles and practices. The past philosophy of management can work reasonably well if a company dominates world markets. When markets become complex and worldwide with more and stronger competitors, a new model is needed. Asian companies and some in the United States have demonstra... ...d competent people, let them do there job. No one knows about the job than the person directly involved with it. 8.Training   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The outcome of training is modified behavior. It may be enhanced interpersonal skills or specific manual skills, but there is a direct, identifiable modification. Training need not consist solely of traditional classroom instruction. Employees can train other employees very effectively.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A company-wide curriculum should be developed that address the needs of each department. Courses should be just long enough to be effective. Anything over three or four days is unlikely to immediately be absorbed into daily work habits. Immediate reinforcement of the training is necessary to be effective. Bibliography 1. R. Stein, The Next Phase of Total Quality Management., Macel Dekker, Inc.,1994. 2. T. Cartin, Principles and Practices of TQM., ASQC Quality Press.,1993. 1. W. Schmidt and J. Finnigan, TQManager., Jossey-Bass Publishers., 1993. 1. B.Brocka and S. Brocka, Quality Management: Implementing The Best Ideas Of the Masters. Irwin, Inc.,1992. 2. H. Kerzner, Project Managment., Van Nostrand Reinhold.,1992.

Chapter 3 Pathology Questions

Chapter 3 Review Questions: 1. What is meant by the following terms: Homologous chromosomes- A matched pair of chromosomes, one derived from each parent. Both members of the pair are similar in size, shape, and appearance, except for sex chromosomes. Autosomes- The general term for chromosomes other than the sex chromosomes. Sex chromosome- The X and Y chromosomes that determine genetic sex. Barr body- The inactivated X chromosome that appears as a small, dense mass of chromatin attached to the nuclear membrane of somatic cells.This structure can be identified in the cells of a normal female and is called a sex chromatin body or Barr body after the man who first described it. Gene- Are segments of DNA chains that determine some property of the cell and are the basic units of inheritance. Sometimes, they are described as being arranged along the chromosome like beads on a string. Gametogenesis- A specialized type of cell division that occurs during the development of the eggs (ova) an d sperm. The development of mature eggs and sperm from precursor cells.Centrosome- A small region of cytoplasm adjacent to the nucleus that contains the centrioles and serves to organize microtubules. 2. How does the process of mitosis compare with meiosis? In mitosis, each of the two new cells (called the daughter cells) resulting from the cell division receives the same number of chromosomes that were present in the precursor cell (called the parent cell). In meiosis, the number of chromosomes is reduced so that the daughter cells receive only half of the chromosomes possessed by the parent cell. This process is not completed until fertilized by the sperm. . What are the differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis? First, four spermatozoa are produced from each precursor cell in spermatogenesis, but only one ovum is formed from each precursor cell in oogenesis. The other three â€Å"daughter cells† derived from the meiotic divisions are discarded as polar bodies. Seco nd, spermatogenesis occurs continually and is carried through to complation in about 2 months. Consequently, seminal fluid always contains relatively â€Å"fresh† sperm. In contrast, the oocytes are not produced continually.All of the oocytes present in the ovary were formed before birth and have remained in a prolonged prophase of the first meiotic division from fetal life until they are ovulated. 4. What is a chromosome karyotype? How is it obtained? How is it used? A chromosome karyotype is an arrangement of chromosomes from a single cell arrangement in pairs in descending order according to size of the chromosomes and the positions of the centromeres. A chromosome karyotype is obtained by culturing cells in a suitable medium. Usually, human blood is used as a source of cells for these studies; the blood lymphocytes can be induced to undergo mitotic division.Certain chemicals are added to stop the mitotic division after the chromosomes have become separate and distinct, an d consequently , many cells arrested in mitosis accumulate in the culture medium. Additional methods are employed to cause swelling of the cells, which are then prepared, and the chromosomes can be examined. The chromosomes are then arranged according to their size, the location of the centromere, the relative lengths of the chromatids that extend outward from the centromere, and the pattern of light and dark bands along the chromosomes.Then the separated chromosome from one cell are photographed and arranged into a karyotype. The presence of abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can be detected this way. 5. What is the MHC? What is its function? What is its relationship to disease susceptibility? The MHC is the major histocompatibility complex. The antigens present on cells are determined by a cluster of genes on chromosome 6. This group of genes, which was first determined in laboratory animals in connection with transplantation experiments, is called the MHC.Originally, MHC proteins were considered of interest only with respect to organ transplantation because transplantation of cells containing MHC proteins different from those of the transplant recipient was followed by rejection of the transplant unless the immune system was suppressed. They take part in generating immune responses to foreign antigens of all types. The interaction of the HLA antigens with the various cells of the immune system is considered in the discussion on immunity, hypersensitivity, allergy, and autoimmune diseases. 6.What is a haplotype? How are haplotypes inherited by children from their parents? What are the chances that two children will have the same haplotype? A haplotype is a set of HLA genes on one chromosome and is transmitted as a unit. Each child receives one of two possible haplotypes from each parent. Because of the way in which chromosomes are transmitted from parent to child, the child has any of four different combinations of HLA haplotypes. There is one i n four probability that two children will both possess the same pair of HLA haplotypes.

American Ethnic Literature Essay

American Literature has been an important part of American people for centuries. What makes this type of literature great is that the authors vision is objective and not one sided. Several of the American authors are still considered to be great writers. The books that were written by these authors are still read by people of all ages around the United States. These books are now considered classic literature. American literature is considered American because it was written by American people. Overall, â€Å"editors appear to use an inconsistent combination of citizenship, geographical location, language, and subject matter (that is, the subject of America and the United States) (Hames- Garcia, p. 1, 2003). Most of the American literature was written by white men. In order to be considered American literature it has to be about the United States. There have been many great authors that write about science fiction, but because it is unreal their literature is not considered American literature. Politics also played an important role in literature. It was of great importance to portray the American character as an â€Å"exceptional entity† (Hames-Garcia, p. 1, 2003). In the early twentieth century, writers who were not American white men were not allowed to publish their works. Women writers as well as Black, Latino, American Indian, and immigrant writers were left out altogether. This happened because other ethnic groups were considered to be inferior. It was until the 1970s that feminist began to speak out and rebel against the oppression they were faced with. It is thanks to this reform that the American literature holds diversity. It allows for men and women to have the same opportunity to express their feelings without having to worry about their race or sex. Another type of literature is ethnic literature. This type of literature is often read as an autobiography, even when making no such claims. This is written on a first person point of view. The author’s point of view is specific to their personal beliefs and life stories. It is difficult for this type of author to provide an objectionable story. They are blinded by anger because of what they had to live. The topics these authors write about covers racism and suppression. The definitions and topics will vary depending on the life experiences that each author or their families experienced. The storyline will also vary because each author lived different time periods, and of course things change over time. Ethnic Literature is great because it now holds different point of views. Every person has a different perspective on what happens around them. What allows for this to be great is that each person is entitled not only to have their own belief, but they are able to express their feelings with freedom. No person is afraid of what repercussion might come because they decided to write from their heart. The truth allows readers to realize that life has been harder for some people more than others. It is easy to forget what our ancestors had to experience in order for each individual to encounter freedom. It is now easy for men and women of all races to walk freely around their city. This however came at a price, and this type of literature allows human beings to read and experience in some small way what it was like to live in a world were the color of your skin as well as your sex had a lot to do with the quality of life you lived. American Literature will continue to play an important role in American people. The only way to enjoy this type of literature is to introduce our younger generations to it. This is theperfect   material needed to give to young readers so that they can value the lifestyle they are allowed to live today. It is up to us to keep this tradition alive so that our future generation can enjoy it as well. Reference Michael Hames-Garcia. (2003). Which America is ours? Marti’s â€Å"Truth† and the foundations of â€Å"American literature†. Modern Fiction Studies, 49(1), 19-53. Retrieved October 25, 2009, from Research Library. (Document ID: 328665241). Yonjae Jung. (2004). The New Americanist Intervention into the Canon. American Studies International, 42(2/3), 213-225. Retrieved October 26, 2009, from Research Library. (Document ID: 676208971).

In God We Trust and the First Amendment essays

In God We Trust and the First Amendment essays There might be contentions in some sectors of the American society that putting the In God We Trust phase in U.S. currencies violates the First Amendment rights which states that: Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances (The United States Constitution). But if the amendment is carefully dissected, it states a general clause that tempers the government from prohibiting the free and democratic exercise of believing in a supreme deity. It does not specifically promote or condone a particular religious sect or faith but rather gives a universal perspective of practicing ones beliefs provided one religious belief does not curtail the practice of another. The In God we Trust phrase can also apply to any religious group because the term God can be interpreted as a generic term for a supreme being believed by any religious group. Indeed, there is the separation of the Church and the State in the United States, and putting the In God We Trust does not uphold any particular religious organization but rather gives a sweeping idealistic notion that the political government of the United States promotes freedom of ones chosen religion but will not specifically represent any one specific religion. Thus, if I were to give a final judgment on whether the In God We Trust phrase violates the First Amendment, I would surely say it does not in the general sense because it simply expounds on the Founding Fathers belief in a supreme deity without getting into specifics. Only if a particular group challenges my judgment or complains that the phrase is actually a connotation that supports religion or is against the concept of separation of the Church and the State will I take at second look at the ...

Importance of Human Rights Watch Group Assignment

Importance of Human Rights Watch Group - Assignment Example This article analyzes why this team has been effective and what managers can learn from the human rights watch group. The organization with its headquarters in New York has branches in different countries around the globe. It has employed experts from different fields such as journalism, law and others who work in ensuring that rights of people are upheld. The different experts add their skills as team players and this ensures success in the programs that the organization develops. Because of the unity of purpose of members of the team despite being from different countries, the organization is able to achieve major developments in safeguarding people’s rights. The organization relies on finances donated by people. It has so far developed effective programs that fight the violation of rights such as children rights as it fights against child labor. It has also sought to fight for the rights of minority groups such as gay rights, rights of people living with HIV/ AIDS and women rights. Because the organization fights against rights violations, it has had opposition from the different government. Nevertheless, the activities of the human right watch have been very instrumental in the development of policies that ensure people enjoy their freedom and human rights (Human Rights Watch 2009). The group has contributed greatly to the elimination of capital punishment around the globe. What managers can learn from this team is that cohesion and unity of purpose are important ensuring the success of a team. Although a company may have different goals that it needs to achieve, it should group them and prioritize the most important one. The Human Rights Watch has divided its activities into different programs. This division ensures that focus is directed to one activity and this avoids confusions and improves efficiency. Moreover, it is  crucial for a business to employ experts in the different field as a way of increasing efficiency. The Human Rights Watch can owe its success form having a pool of experts from the different field that offer the best advice (Human Rights Watch 2001).  

Labor realations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Labor realations - Assignment Example However, CLC preferred to disagree with the proposal as CAW was supposed to one of the biggest private union segment and agreeing to the request of SEIW was expected to trigger certain problems for CLC in terms of privilege support and other benefits related to labor (Niemeijer, 2000). With reference to the above context, it can be stated that the dispute between the SEIW and CAW acted as a certain form of threat for the labor unity and solidarity to union democracy as well. The disagreement was considered more of a threat as CAW was one of the largest local labor union of Canada which involved the support of 234,000 members. In relation to this fact, banning the members of CAW from CLC entailed the possibility of creating certain problems for every labor union which included lack of support in response to the undertaken circumstances, privileges provided by the government and the rise of other unions among others (Niemeijer, 2000). The disagreements among the labor unions such as the dispute between SEIU and CAW can lead to various problems within the nations while acting or performing in favor of the labor rights. The problems which can trigger in relation to the labor union disputes can be identified as lack of unity among the unions present within the nations while dealing with similar problems and assisting the labors of the organizations with benefits and rights as specified in the labor laws. Furthermore, the disputes of labor union can prevent the government of the nation from taking interest in the problems related to labor (Pierce, & Bentham, 2007). Discuss The Issue Of National Autonomy From International Parent Union. How Might Canadian Locals Protect Their National Autonomy While Still Enjoying The Benefits Of Membership In A Large, International Union? The issue of national autonomy from international parent union can be identified in terms of the assistance provided by